Networking Basics

N+ = Network

Networking: - It is a process to establish connectivity between computers and another device with the help of any media.

Network: - The output of a proper networking forms a network.

Inter-networking:- It is a process to communicate two or more different network based on different sub-net of IP is known as Inter-networking.

Intranet: - Connectivity of different networks exists at a single or remote location is known as intranet. All these networks belong to same organization.

Internet: - Connectivity of different networks related to different organization is known as Internet.

Types of network:-

LAN (Local Area Network) - A network which has been established into a small area like a cabin, building, campus, etc. is known as LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK).

WAN (Wide Area Network) - A network which has been established into a very large area like city, country or the whole world is known as WAN.

SAN (Storage Area Network) – A part of network that is used to store a very large database and its handling is known as SAN.

Topology: - It represents the structure of network that could be physical and logical both.

Types of Topology:-

MESH Topology:-






· In this topology each computer is connected to all another computers with a dedicated link.

· It provides high redundancy but it is difficult to established and manage due to too much number of links.

No. of Computers = 4 i.e. (n)

No. of Links to each computer = 3 i.e. (n-1)

Total no. of links = 6 i.e.*(n-1)/2


BUS topology:-







· In this topology each computer is connected to a single cable i.e. known as back bone cable.

· It is based on partial ring topology.

· It is easy to establish.

· It does not provide any redundant link.

· In case of cable damage the network will break.

February 1st, 2013

Ring Topology:-







· In this topology each computer is connected to its neighbor computer using a single or dual ring.

· It works at token ring passing technology (IEEE 802.3).

· It reduces data collision.

· It is difficult to established and manage.

· It is slower than MESH & BUS topology.

STAR Topology:-





· In this topology each computer is connected to a central device (MAU-Multiple Access Unit).

· It is easy to established and manage.

· It performance depends on quality of cable & MAU.

Wireless Topology:-






· Wireless topology data is transmitted at a frequency.

· It uses access point through which all wireless adapter communicate in half duplex mode.

· It has been standardize in 802.11 IEEE standards.

· FCC (Federal Communication Commission) is responsible for this standard.