Routing Protocol

Metrics: - 

It is a technique which is used to measure best path for routing. For selection of best path it uses different measurement units:-

o HOP count: - Number of routes in the path to reach to the destination.

o Bandwidth: - it need total data transmission of a link in a second kbps, mbps, gbps.

o Delay: - Total time taken into transmission of data is known as delay.

o Reliability: - It measure successful transmission of data units between source and destination.

o Load: - Total data transmission load at the link.

o Cost: - It is a ratio of total bandwidth by the actual bandwidth .i.e. used for transmission. It is calculated between two nodes.

Administrative Distance (A.D.) – 

It is used to priorities to a path send by a routing protocol. It is a numeric value that range is 0-255. Each routing protocol has pre-assigned administrative distance.

OSPF - 110

RIP - 120

Routing protocols types on the basis of metrics:- 

o Distance Vector: - 

It works at hop count to measure the best path between 2 nodes. It sends update at a fix interval of time. Its sends full routing table to its neighbor router. It may cause of routing loop .i.e. removed using split horizon, route poisoning and increment of hop count.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
· AD value – 120

· Distance Vector Routing Protocol

· Keeps information about neighbor router only

· Sends update at every 30 minutes with full routing table information.

· Supports maximum 15 hop counts.

· Works at Belmone Ford algorithm to find out best path.

· Supports broadcasting

· Does not support authentication

· Its root invalid timer is 180 seconds

· Its root hold down timer is 180 seconds

· Its root flush timer is 240 seconds

· Supports class full addressing

RIP version 2 :- 

Its most of features are similar to RIP except the following:-

· Supports authentication

· Supports class less addressing

· Supports authentication with MD5(Message Digest 5) 

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For example:- R1 RIP configuration.
Router>en

Router#conf t

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#int fa0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#int s0/0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config)#net 10.0.0.0

R1(config)#net 11.0.0.0

R1(config)#exit
R2 RIP Configuration
Router>en

Router#conf t

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#int fa0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.0.1 255.255.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

R2(config-if)#int s0/0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

R2(config-if)#int s0/1/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R2(config-if)#no shut

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config)#net 11.0.0.0

R2(config)#net 12.0.0.0

R2(config)#net 172.16.0.0

R2(config)#exit
R3 RIP Configuration
Router>en

Router#conf t

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#int fa0/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shut

R3(config-if)#int s0/0/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.2 255.0.0.0

R3(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R3(config-if)#no shut

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#router rip

R3(config)#net 12.0.0.0

R3(config)#net 192.168.0.0


R3(config)#exit 

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For example:- R1 RIPv2 Configuration
Router>en

Router#conf t

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#int fa0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.192

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#int s0/0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.113 255.255.255.252

R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config)#version 2

R1(config)#net 10.0.0.0

R1(config)#net 10.0.0.112

R1(config)#exit
R2 RIPv2 Configuration
Router>en

Router#conf t

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#int fa0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.65 255.255.255.224

R2(config-if)#no shut

R2(config-if)#int s0/0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.114 255.255.255.252

R2(config-if)#no shut

R2(config-if)#int s0/1/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.117 255.255.255.252

R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R2(config-if)#no shut

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config)#version 2

R2(config)#net 10.0.0.112

R2(config)#net 10.0.0.64

R2(config)#net 10.0.0.116

R2(config)#exit

R3 RIPv2 Configuration

Router>en

Router#conf t

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#int fa0/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.97 255.255.255.240

R3(config-if)#no shut

R3(config-if)#int s0/0/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.118 255.255.255.252

R3(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R3(config-if)#no shut

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#router rip

R3(config)#version 2

R3(config)#net 10.0.0.116

R3(config)#net 10.0.0.96


R3(config)#exit